{"id":904364,"date":"2026-06-22T09:22:20","date_gmt":"2026-06-22T13:22:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/colelchabad.org\/?p=904364"},"modified":"2026-08-21T18:32:59","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T22:32:59","slug":"yom-kippur-dia-de-expiacion-y-conexion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/colelchabad.org\/es\/yom-kippur-day-of-atonement-and-connection\/","title":{"rendered":"Yom Kippur: The Jewish Holiday of Atonement – Meaning, Observance and Traditions"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Yom Kipur<\/span><\/i>, the Day of Atonement, is the most important holiday in Judaism. The Jewish holiday of atonement is observed by Jews of all walks and styles, the world over. It represents the culmination of our focus on connecting to G-d through our devotion to Him.<\/span><\/p>

What Is Yom Kippur in Judaism?\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>

Most people think of Yom Kippur in Judaism (also called <\/span>Yom HaKipurim<\/span><\/i> en la Tor\u00e1), como una festividad sombr\u00eda y seria. Sin embargo, hist\u00f3ricamente se ha celebrado como el d\u00eda m\u00e1s alegre del <\/span>calendario jud\u00edo<\/span><\/a>! Modern Yom Kippur observance may bear little resemblance to ancient times when the Holy Temple stood in Jerusalem (more on that below). What remains, however, is its spiritual significance, which is the main point of the day. That is, atonement \u2013 G-d\u2019s forgiveness of His people\u2019s transgressions \u2013 out of love, kindness and connection with Him.<\/span><\/p>

MAKE A <\/span>CHABAD DONATION<\/span><\/a> T<\/span>ODAY AND HELP SEAL THE DEAL ON A GOOD YEAR!<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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When is Yom Kippur Celebrated?<\/span><\/h2>

Yom Kippur es la segunda festividad del <\/span>Yomim Noraim<\/span><\/i> (lit. D\u00edas de pavor), es decir <\/span>Jewish High Holidays<\/span><\/a>Tambi\u00e9n es la tapa final del <\/span>Aseret Yemei Teshuv\u00e1 \u2013 <\/span><\/i>Los 10 d\u00edas de "Arrepentimiento", entre Rosh Hashan\u00e1 y Yom Kipur. Ocurre el d\u00eda 10 del mes hebreo de <\/span>Tishrei.<\/span><\/i><\/p>

Biblical Origins of Yom Kippur: Transgression, Repentance, and Forgiveness<\/span><\/h2>

Yom Kippur se basa en los acontecimientos b\u00edblicos del Libro del \u00c9xodo, que se produjeron despu\u00e9s de que Mois\u00e9s recibi\u00f3 los Diez Mandamientos de Dios. En la historia, cuando los israelitas se impacientaron por el regreso de Mois\u00e9s del Monte Sina\u00ed, construyeron el infame Becerro de Oro. Este acto de flagrante idolatr\u00eda, conocido como el <\/span>Que H\u00e4gel<\/span><\/i> (lit. sin of the golden calf), was a form of spiritual transference in an apparent vacuum of faith or <\/span>emun\u00e1<\/span><\/a>. It prompted Moses to smash the tablets containing the Ten Commandments upon finding out. Yet, out of strong faith, Moses ascended again, attempting to win G-d\u2019s forgiveness for the people. Forty days later, he descended once more on the 10th of Tishrei and announced that G-d had forgiven the people.\u00a0 He then marked it as a national Day of Atonement for all time.<\/span><\/p>

Yom Kippur in Ancient History: The Holy Temple and the High Priest<\/span><\/h2>

En los d\u00edas de la <\/span>Beit Hamikdash<\/span><\/i>; el antiguo Templo Sagrado de Jerusal\u00e9n, el <\/span>Kohen Gadol, o <\/span><\/i>High Priest, would perform a set of atonement rituals as part of the Yom Kippur observance. The Temple\u2019s innermost chamber, the <\/span>Kadosh Hakadoshim<\/span><\/i> (lit. Lugar Sant\u00edsimo), por lo general estaba cerrado para todas las personas, en todo momento. La \u00fanica excepci\u00f3n era para el Sumo Sacerdote, y solo en Yom Kippur, para este servicio que implicaba incienso y ofrendas de animales. <\/span>Kadosh Kahadoshim<\/span><\/i> era el \u00fanico lugar donde la 'presencia' terrenal de Dios, o <\/span>Shejin\u00e1<\/span><\/i>, viv\u00eda en ese momento. El <\/span>Cohen Gadol<\/span><\/i>\u2019s service was to commune with this G-dly presence, to achieve atonement for the Jewish nation. Torah describes these rituals – among the most sacred traditions of Yom Kippur as achieving spiritual purification for Israel by arousing G-d\u2019s mercy in place of His judgment.<\/span><\/p>

Why is Yom Kippur the Holiest Day of the Jewish Year?<\/span><\/h2>

\"<\/p>

On Rosh Hashanah, <\/span>G-d opens a metaphorical Book of Life and writes (<\/span>ktivah<\/span><\/i>) cada uno de nuestros nombres en \u00e9l seg\u00fan el destino que \u00c9l determine para nosotros para el a\u00f1o venidero. En Yom Kippur, \u00c9l sella (<\/span>Gmarah<\/span><\/i>) ese destino. Por eso el saludo tradicional para Yom Kippur es \u201c<\/span>Gmar chatimah tovah<\/span><\/i>!,\u201d o \u201c\u00a1Que est\u00e9s sellado por un buen a\u00f1o!\u201d\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Further reading<\/b>: <\/span>What happens on Rosh Hashana<\/span><\/a><\/p>

The Meaning of Yom Kippur: Connecting with G-d Through Atonement<\/span><\/h2>

Yom Kippur is the Jewish holiday of atonement when G-d forgives His people for their transgressions of the past year.\u00a0 One might ask; if we know G-d will forgive us every Yom Kippur, why do we put effort into repentance? If the outcome is certain, why try to affect it?\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Ser\u00eda fant\u00e1stico si pudi\u00e9ramos dedicar todo nuestro tiempo y energ\u00eda a conectarnos con Dios. Sin embargo, si despu\u00e9s de todo el ayuno, la oraci\u00f3n, <\/span>teshuv\u00e1,<\/span><\/i> y buenas intenciones, alguna imperfecci\u00f3n a\u00fan persiste dentro de nosotros, Dios todav\u00eda nos perdonar\u00e1 completamente.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Y es <\/span>porque<\/span><\/i> de esta medida de la bondad de Dios, no <\/span>a pesar de<\/span><\/i> it, that we do <\/span>tefillah, <\/span>teshuv\u00e1<\/span><\/i> and tzedakah<\/span><\/a> De todos modos, entonces podemos estar seguros de que hemos hecho nuestra parte y de que \u00c9l nos perdona por amor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

MAKE A <\/span>CHABAD DONATION<\/span><\/a> T<\/span>ODAY AND HELP SEAL THE DEAL ON A GOOD YEAR!<\/span><\/p>

Yom Kippur Observance: Laws, Customs and Traditions<\/span><\/h2>

\"Ultra-Orthodox<\/p>

The traditions of Yom Kippur focus on the goal of arousing G-d\u2019s mercy. In addition, because the Torah calls Yom Kippur a \u201cday of rest,\u201d we observe all laws of <\/span>Shabat <\/span><\/i>Tambi\u00e9n en Yom Kippur. Adem\u00e1s de estos, tenemos varios m\u00e1s:<\/span><\/p>

Pedir perd\u00f3n a los dem\u00e1s<\/span><\/h3>

El Talmud analiza dos categor\u00edas principales de pecado. Una es \u201c<\/span>siendo adam limakom,<\/span><\/i>" es decir, entre el hombre y Dios. El otro es "<\/span>siendo adam lichavero<\/span><\/i>,\u201d between people. The Talmud states that \u201cYom Kippur doesn\u2019t atone for sins between a person and his fellow until he has appeased his fellow.\u201d That\u2019s why, as part of Yom Kippur observance, we\u2019re obliged to apologize to those we\u2019ve hurt or wronged, and ask them for <\/span>mechila<\/span><\/i>, o perd\u00f3n.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Kapparot and Tzedakah: Ritual Traditions of Yom Kippur<\/span><\/h3>

Among the traditions of Yom Kippur is the <\/span>ritual custom of designating a live chicken<\/span> known as <\/span>kaparot<\/span><\/a>, or donating funds for food to the needy. During this ritual, we ask G-d to transfer our sins to the animal, or the physical <\/span>tzedak\u00e1<\/span><\/a> money, rather than associating them with us. The chicken goes to the slaughter by a professional <\/span>shochet <\/span><\/i>(kosher slaughterer), or money that is donated to the <\/span>mejores organizaciones ben\u00e9ficas jud\u00edas<\/span><\/a> often soup kitchens.<\/span><\/p>

Se\u2019udat Hamafseket: The Pre-Fast Separation Feast<\/span><\/h3>

Todas las principales festividades jud\u00edas<\/span>, o <\/span>Yomim Tovim<\/span><\/i>, feature a celebratory meal (or two). Yom Kippur in Judaism is no different, except for the timing. Since we\u2019re forbidden to eat <\/span>en <\/span><\/i>En Yom Kippur, festejamos antes y despu\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>

En <\/span>Erev<\/span><\/i> Yom Kipur<\/span><\/i>, antes de que comiencen las vacaciones, tenemos una fiesta de separaci\u00f3n llamada <\/span>se\u2019udat hamafseket<\/span><\/i>La idea detr\u00e1s del ayuno en Yom Kippur es alcanzar la concentraci\u00f3n espiritual. Y queremos mantenernos saludables y bien durante el ayuno, por lo que nos aseguramos de saciarnos con anticipaci\u00f3n.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Lekach: The Honey Cake Tradition\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>

Para <\/span>Ashkenazi <\/span><\/i>Jews, one of the beloved traditions of Yom Kippur is having honey cake ready to serve, and for those present to ask one another for a piece. In <\/span>y\u00eddish<\/span><\/i>, uno dice "<\/span>\u00bfApuesto a que s\u00ed?<\/span><\/i>" a alguien y recibes una porci\u00f3n, luego intercambias los roles. La costumbre es con la esperanza de que la torta sea el \u00fanico regalo que tendremos que pedir el a\u00f1o que viene.<\/span><\/h3>

Immerse in the Mikvah<\/span><\/h3>

Algunos tienen la costumbre de sumergirse en un<\/span> Mikve<\/span><\/i> (a ritual pool of natural water) before the holiday. This custom is based on a verse from the Prophets, stating that \u201cIsrael\u2019s hope (<\/span>Mikve<\/span><\/i>) est\u00e1 en Dios\u201d. La palabra hebrea para \u201cesperanza\u201d es similar a la palabra para la piscina ritual; <\/span>Mikve<\/span><\/i>. According to the <\/span>Tana <\/span><\/i>(Talmudic sage) Rabbi Akiva, this implies the metaphor of G-d Himself serving as a <\/span>Mikve<\/span><\/i> to purify the Jewish people with his forgiveness on this Jewish holiday of atonement.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

La costumbre tambi\u00e9n se basa en las pr\u00e1cticas que <\/span>Cohen Gadol <\/span><\/i>Se realizaba durante el servicio del templo de Yom Kippur. Se cambiaba de ropa para diferentes partes del ritual y se sumerg\u00eda en un ba\u00f1o. <\/span>Mikve<\/span><\/i> entre.<\/span><\/p>

Fasting and Self-Affliction on Yom Kippur<\/span><\/h3>

El mandamiento de la auto-aflicci\u00f3n, o \u201caflicci\u00f3n del alma\u201d, en Yom Kippur se menciona en varios lugares a lo largo del Lev\u00edtico. Es importante se\u00f1alar aqu\u00ed que la \u201cauto-aflicci\u00f3n\u201d no debe confundirse con la auto-lesi\u00f3n. M\u00e1s bien, estamos hablando de algunas restricciones espec\u00edficas a los placeres cotidianos.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

These restrictions, however, are not only for the purpose of self-affliction. They\u2019re also reminiscent of angelic behavior. Angels, according to the <\/span>ense\u00f1anzas de la tor\u00e1<\/span><\/a>, don’t have many of the features and needs that humans have.<\/span><\/p>

They don\u2019t need to eat, bathe, wear clothes, nor do they have any physical desires, or feet! Among the tradition of Yom Kippur that mimic these qualities include wearing white, wearing slippers or non-leather shoes, fasting, and refraining from bathing and marital relations.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

The Yom Kippur Fast: Who Fasts and Who Is Exempt\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>

The Rabbinic sages and <\/span>Rabinos Jabad<\/span><\/a> entendi\u00f3 que el mandamiento de la autoaflicci\u00f3n en Yom Kippur se refer\u00eda principalmente al ayuno.<\/span><\/p>

Fasting in response to national tragedies and atonement is a <\/span>core Jewish belief and value<\/span><\/a>, deeply embedded in Jewish tradition and practice. However, for a Yom Kippur observance, fasting is also intended to help us focus on G-d through prayer.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Despite the importance of <\/span>Oraciones jud\u00edas<\/span><\/a>, sin embargo, <\/span>halaj\u00e1<\/span><\/i><\/a> (La ley de la Tor\u00e1) especifica que si ir a la sinagoga dificulta demasiado el ayuno, uno debe quedarse en casa. Siempre puede rezar seg\u00fan sus posibilidades en casa, con el fin de mantener el ayuno.<\/span><\/p>

Nota<\/b>:Hay excepciones al ayuno obligatorio y algunas personas est\u00e1n exentas, como los diab\u00e9ticos, los enfermos y las mujeres que acaban de dar a luz. Sin embargo, hay reglas sobre c\u00f3mo comer de manera permisible. Si necesitas esta opci\u00f3n, comun\u00edcate con tu rabino local, una autoridad en la ley de la Tor\u00e1.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Bat and bar mitzvah<\/span><\/a> aged children are always exempt. In some families, older children \u201cpractice\u201d for fasting in the year or two leading up to their bar or bat mitzvah by delaying eating on Yom Kippur, according to their tolerance.<\/span><\/p>

MAKE A <\/span>CHABAD DONATION<\/span><\/a> T<\/span>ODAY AND HELP SEAL THE DEAL ON A GOOD YEAR!<\/span><\/p>

Yom Kippur Prayers and Torah Readings<\/span><\/h3>

Al igual que con Rosh Hashan\u00e1, los servicios de oraci\u00f3n en Yom Kippur son m\u00e1s largos en comparaci\u00f3n con otras festividades y <\/span>Shabat.<\/span><\/i> El libro de oraciones que utilizamos es el Yom Kippur <\/span>Machzor<\/span><\/i>, que contiene todo lo que una persona necesita hacer y decir.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Durante Yom Kippur, hay seis servicios de oraci\u00f3n. Por la noche, <\/span>Kol Nidrei<\/span><\/i>, anulando cualquier voto que hayamos hecho y no cumplido durante el a\u00f1o, y <\/span>Maariv<\/span><\/i>; la oraci\u00f3n de la tarde. Durante el d\u00eda, celebramos <\/span>Shajarit<\/span><\/i>; el servicio de la ma\u00f1ana, la lectura de la Tor\u00e1, luego Musaf; un segundo servicio de la ma\u00f1ana agregado en todos los d\u00edas festivos y <\/span>Shabat<\/span><\/i>Despu\u00e9s de un descanso, hay <\/span>Minj\u00e1<\/span><\/i>; el servicio de la tarde, entonces <\/span>Neil; <\/span><\/i>el emotivo servicio de conclusi\u00f3n de Yom Kippur.<\/span><\/p>

Algunas oraciones notables dentro de los servicios incluyen:<\/span><\/p>