{"id":904364,"date":"2026-06-22T09:22:20","date_gmt":"2026-06-22T13:22:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/colelchabad.org\/?p=904364"},"modified":"2026-08-21T18:32:59","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T22:32:59","slug":"yom-kippour-jour-du-grand-pardon-et-de-la-connexion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/colelchabad.org\/fr\/yom-kippur-day-of-atonement-and-connection\/","title":{"rendered":"Yom Kippur: The Jewish Holiday of Atonement – Meaning, Observance and Traditions"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Yom Kippour<\/span><\/i>, the Day of Atonement, is the most important holiday in Judaism. The Jewish holiday of atonement is observed by Jews of all walks and styles, the world over. It represents the culmination of our focus on connecting to G-d through our devotion to Him.<\/span><\/p>

What Is Yom Kippur in Judaism?\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>

Most people think of Yom Kippur in Judaism (also called <\/span>Yom HaKippourim<\/span><\/i> dans la Torah), comme une f\u00eate sombre et s\u00e9rieuse. Cependant, elle a toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9e comme le jour le plus joyeux de la <\/span>calendrier juif<\/span><\/a>! Modern Yom Kippur observance may bear little resemblance to ancient times when the Holy Temple stood in Jerusalem (more on that below). What remains, however, is its spiritual significance, which is the main point of the day. That is, atonement \u2013 G-d\u2019s forgiveness of His people\u2019s transgressions \u2013 out of love, kindness and connection with Him.<\/span><\/p>

MAKE A <\/span>CHABAD DONATION<\/span><\/a> T<\/span>ODAY AND HELP SEAL THE DEAL ON A GOOD YEAR!<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFAIRE UN DON MAINTENANT<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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When is Yom Kippur Celebrated?<\/span><\/h2>

Yom Kippour est la deuxi\u00e8me f\u00eate de l'ann\u00e9e. <\/span>Yomim Nora\u00efm<\/span><\/i> (litt\u00e9ralement Jours de crainte), c'est-\u00e0-dire <\/span>Jewish High Holidays<\/span><\/a>C'est aussi le bouchon d'extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 de la <\/span>Aseret Yemei Teshuvah \u2013 <\/span><\/i>les 10 jours de \u00ab repentance \u00bb, entre Roch Hachana et Yom Kippour. Il a lieu le 10e jour du mois h\u00e9breu de <\/span>Tichri.<\/span><\/i><\/p>

Biblical Origins of Yom Kippur: Transgression, Repentance, and Forgiveness<\/span><\/h2>

Yom Kippour est bas\u00e9 sur des \u00e9v\u00e9nements bibliques du Livre de l'Exode, apr\u00e8s que Mo\u00efse ait re\u00e7u les Dix Commandements de D.ieu. Dans l'histoire, lorsque les Isra\u00e9lites s'impatient\u00e8rent du retour de Mo\u00efse du Mont Sina\u00ef, ils construisirent le tristement c\u00e9l\u00e8bre Veau d'Or. Cet acte d'idol\u00e2trie flagrant, connu sous le nom de <\/span>chet haegel<\/span><\/i> (lit. sin of the golden calf), was a form of spiritual transference in an apparent vacuum of faith or <\/span>\u00e9mounah<\/span><\/a>. It prompted Moses to smash the tablets containing the Ten Commandments upon finding out. Yet, out of strong faith, Moses ascended again, attempting to win G-d\u2019s forgiveness for the people. Forty days later, he descended once more on the 10th of Tishrei and announced that G-d had forgiven the people.\u00a0 He then marked it as a national Day of Atonement for all time.<\/span><\/p>

Yom Kippur in Ancient History: The Holy Temple and the High Priest<\/span><\/h2>

\u00c0 l'\u00e9poque de la <\/span>Beit Hamikdash<\/span><\/i>; l'ancien Temple sacr\u00e9 de J\u00e9rusalem, le <\/span>Kohen Gadol, ou <\/span><\/i>High Priest, would perform a set of atonement rituals as part of the Yom Kippur observance. The Temple\u2019s innermost chamber, the <\/span>Kadosh Hakadoshim<\/span><\/i> (litt\u00e9ralement, Saint des Saints), \u00e9tait g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement ferm\u00e9 \u00e0 tous, \u00e0 tout moment. La seule exception \u00e9tait r\u00e9serv\u00e9e au Grand Pr\u00eatre, et uniquement \u00e0 Yom Kippour, pour ce service impliquant de l'encens et des offrandes animales. <\/span>Kadosh Kahadoshim<\/span><\/i> \u00e9tait le seul endroit o\u00f9 se trouvait la \u00ab pr\u00e9sence \u00bb terrestre de Dieu, ou <\/span>La Shekhina<\/span><\/i>, habitait \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque. <\/span>Cohen Gadol<\/span><\/i>\u2019s service was to commune with this G-dly presence, to achieve atonement for the Jewish nation. Torah describes these rituals – among the most sacred traditions of Yom Kippur as achieving spiritual purification for Israel by arousing G-d\u2019s mercy in place of His judgment.<\/span><\/p>

Why is Yom Kippur the Holiest Day of the Jewish Year?<\/span><\/h2>

\"<\/p>

On Rosh Hashanah, <\/span>G-d opens a metaphorical Book of Life and writes (<\/span>ktivah<\/span><\/i>) chacun de nos noms selon le sort qu'Il d\u00e9termine pour nous pour l'ann\u00e9e \u00e0 venir. \u00c0 Yom Kippour, Il scelle (<\/span>gmarah<\/span><\/i>) ce destin. C'est pourquoi la salutation traditionnelle pour Yom Kippour est \u00ab<\/span>Gmar 'hatimah tovah<\/span><\/i>!,\u201d ou \u201cQue tu sois scell\u00e9 pour une bonne ann\u00e9e !\u201d\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Further reading<\/b>: <\/span>What happens on Rosh Hashana<\/span><\/a><\/p>

The Meaning of Yom Kippur: Connecting with G-d Through Atonement<\/span><\/h2>

Yom Kippur is the Jewish holiday of atonement when G-d forgives His people for their transgressions of the past year.\u00a0 One might ask; if we know G-d will forgive us every Yom Kippur, why do we put effort into repentance? If the outcome is certain, why try to affect it?\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Ce serait formidable si nous pouvions consacrer tout notre temps et toute notre \u00e9nergie \u00e0 nous connecter \u00e0 D.ieu. Cependant, si apr\u00e8s tout le je\u00fbne, la pri\u00e8re, <\/span>t\u00e9chouva,<\/span><\/i> et malgr\u00e9 nos bonnes intentions, une certaine imperfection subsiste encore en nous, Dieu nous pardonnera quand m\u00eame compl\u00e8tement.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Et c'est <\/span>parce que<\/span><\/i> de cette mesure de la bont\u00e9 de Dieu, non <\/span>malgr\u00e9<\/span><\/i> it, that we do <\/span>tefillah, <\/span>t\u00e9chouva<\/span><\/i> and tzedakah<\/span><\/a> Bref, nous pouvons alors \u00eatre s\u00fbrs que nous avons fait notre part, et Il pardonne, par amour.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

MAKE A <\/span>CHABAD DONATION<\/span><\/a> T<\/span>ODAY AND HELP SEAL THE DEAL ON A GOOD YEAR!<\/span><\/p>

Yom Kippur Observance: Laws, Customs and Traditions<\/span><\/h2>

\"Ultra-Orthodox<\/p>

The traditions of Yom Kippur focus on the goal of arousing G-d\u2019s mercy. In addition, because the Torah calls Yom Kippur a \u201cday of rest,\u201d we observe all laws of <\/span>Chabbat <\/span><\/i>\u00e0 Yom Kippour aussi. En plus de ceux-l\u00e0, nous en avons plusieurs autres :<\/span><\/p>

Demandez pardon aux autres<\/span><\/h3>

Le Talmud traite de deux cat\u00e9gories principales de p\u00e9ch\u00e9s. L'une est \u00ab<\/span>\u00eatre Adam limakom,<\/span><\/i>" c'est-\u00e0-dire entre l'homme et Dieu. L'autre est "<\/span>\u00eatre Adam Lichavero<\/span><\/i>,\u201d between people. The Talmud states that \u201cYom Kippur doesn\u2019t atone for sins between a person and his fellow until he has appeased his fellow.\u201d That\u2019s why, as part of Yom Kippur observance, we\u2019re obliged to apologize to those we\u2019ve hurt or wronged, and ask them for <\/span>M\u00e9chila<\/span><\/i>, ou le pardon.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Kapparot and Tzedakah: Ritual Traditions of Yom Kippur<\/span><\/h3>

Among the traditions of Yom Kippur is the <\/span>ritual custom of designating a live chicken<\/span> known as <\/span>kaparot<\/span><\/a>, or donating funds for food to the needy. During this ritual, we ask G-d to transfer our sins to the animal, or the physical <\/span>ts\u00e9daka<\/span><\/a> money, rather than associating them with us. The chicken goes to the slaughter by a professional <\/span>chochet <\/span><\/i>(kosher slaughterer), or money that is donated to the <\/span>Meilleures organisations caritatives juives<\/span><\/a> often soup kitchens.<\/span><\/p>

Se\u2019udat Hamafseket: The Pre-Fast Separation Feast<\/span><\/h3>

Toutes les principales f\u00eates juives<\/span>, ou <\/span>Yomim Tovim<\/span><\/i>, feature a celebratory meal (or two). Yom Kippur in Judaism is no different, except for the timing. Since we\u2019re forbidden to eat <\/span>sur <\/span><\/i>Yom Kippour, on festoie avant et apr\u00e8s.<\/span><\/p>

Sur <\/span>Erev<\/span><\/i> Yom Kippour<\/span><\/i>, avant le d\u00e9but des vacances, nous avons un festin de s\u00e9paration appel\u00e9 le <\/span>se\u2019udat hamafseket<\/span><\/i>L'objectif du je\u00fbne de Yom Kippour est d'atteindre une concentration spirituelle. Et comme nous voulons rester en bonne sant\u00e9 pendant le je\u00fbne, nous nous assurons de bien manger \u00e0 l'avance.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Lekach: The Honey Cake Tradition\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>

Pour <\/span>Ashk\u00e9naze <\/span><\/i>Jews, one of the beloved traditions of Yom Kippur is having honey cake ready to serve, and for those present to ask one another for a piece. In <\/span>yiddish<\/span><\/i>, on dit \u00ab<\/span>Je parie que Lekach ?<\/span><\/i>" \u00e0 quelqu'un, et re\u00e7oit une part, puis on \u00e9change les r\u00f4les. La coutume est que le g\u00e2teau soit la seule aum\u00f4ne que nous devrons demander au cours de l'ann\u00e9e \u00e0 venir.<\/span><\/h3>

Immerse in the Mikvah<\/span><\/h3>

Certains ont pour coutume de s'immerger dans un<\/span> mikv\u00e9<\/span><\/i> (a ritual pool of natural water) before the holiday. This custom is based on a verse from the Prophets, stating that \u201cIsrael\u2019s hope (<\/span>mikv\u00e9<\/span><\/i>) est en Dieu. \u00bb Le mot h\u00e9breu pour \u00ab espoir \u00bb est similaire au mot d\u00e9signant la piscine rituelle ; <\/span>mikv\u00e9<\/span><\/i>. According to the <\/span>Tanna <\/span><\/i>(Talmudic sage) Rabbi Akiva, this implies the metaphor of G-d Himself serving as a <\/span>mikv\u00e9<\/span><\/i> to purify the Jewish people with his forgiveness on this Jewish holiday of atonement.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

La coutume est \u00e9galement bas\u00e9e sur les pratiques des <\/span>Kohein Gadol <\/span><\/i>effectu\u00e9 pendant le service du temple de Yom Kippour. Il changeait et enlevait diff\u00e9rents ensembles de v\u00eatements pour diff\u00e9rentes parties du rituel et s'immergeait dans une <\/span>mikv\u00e9<\/span><\/i> entre.<\/span><\/p>

Fasting and Self-Affliction on Yom Kippur<\/span><\/h3>

Le commandement de l'auto-affliction, ou \u00ab l'affliction de l'\u00e2me \u00bb, \u00e0 Yom Kippour est mentionn\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs endroits dans le L\u00e9vitique. Il est important de noter ici que l'\u00ab auto-affliction \u00bb ne doit pas \u00eatre confondue avec l'automutilation. Il s'agit plut\u00f4t de quelques restrictions sp\u00e9cifiques sur les plaisirs quotidiens.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

These restrictions, however, are not only for the purpose of self-affliction. They\u2019re also reminiscent of angelic behavior. Angels, according to the <\/span>enseignements de la Torah<\/span><\/a>, don’t have many of the features and needs that humans have.<\/span><\/p>

They don\u2019t need to eat, bathe, wear clothes, nor do they have any physical desires, or feet! Among the tradition of Yom Kippur that mimic these qualities include wearing white, wearing slippers or non-leather shoes, fasting, and refraining from bathing and marital relations.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

The Yom Kippur Fast: Who Fasts and Who Is Exempt\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>

The Rabbinic sages and <\/span>Rabbins de Loubavitch<\/span><\/a> Ils ont compris que le commandement de s\u2019affliger soi-m\u00eame \u00e0 Yom Kippour se r\u00e9f\u00e9rait principalement au je\u00fbne.<\/span><\/p>

Fasting in response to national tragedies and atonement is a <\/span>core Jewish belief and value<\/span><\/a>, deeply embedded in Jewish tradition and practice. However, for a Yom Kippur observance, fasting is also intended to help us focus on G-d through prayer.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Despite the importance of <\/span>Pri\u00e8res juives<\/span><\/a>, cependant, <\/span>halakha<\/span><\/i><\/a> La Torah pr\u00e9cise que si le fait d'aller \u00e0 la synagogue rend le je\u00fbne trop difficile, il faut rester chez soi. On peut toujours prier selon ses possibilit\u00e9s \u00e0 la maison, pour respecter le je\u00fbne.<\/span><\/p>

Note<\/b>: il existe des exceptions \u00e0 l'obligation du je\u00fbne et certaines personnes en sont effectivement exempt\u00e9es, comme les diab\u00e9tiques, les infirmes et les femmes qui viennent d'accoucher. Cependant, il existe des r\u00e8gles sur la fa\u00e7on de manger de mani\u00e8re autoris\u00e9e. Si vous avez besoin de cette option, veuillez contacter votre rabbin local, une autorit\u00e9 en mati\u00e8re de loi de la Torah.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Bat and bar mitzvah<\/span><\/a> aged children are always exempt. In some families, older children \u201cpractice\u201d for fasting in the year or two leading up to their bar or bat mitzvah by delaying eating on Yom Kippur, according to their tolerance.<\/span><\/p>

MAKE A <\/span>CHABAD DONATION<\/span><\/a> T<\/span>ODAY AND HELP SEAL THE DEAL ON A GOOD YEAR!<\/span><\/p>

Yom Kippur Prayers and Torah Readings<\/span><\/h3>

Comme pour Roch Hachana, les services de pri\u00e8re de Yom Kippour sont plus longs que ceux des autres f\u00eates et <\/span>Chabbat.<\/span><\/i> Le livre de pri\u00e8res que nous utilisons est celui de Yom Kippour <\/span>Machzor<\/span><\/i>, qui contient tout ce qu'une personne doit faire et dire.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Tout au long de Yom Kippour, six services de pri\u00e8re sont organis\u00e9s. Le soir, <\/span>Kol Nidrei<\/span><\/i>, annulant tous les v\u0153ux que nous avons pu faire et ne pas respecter tout au long de l'ann\u00e9e, et <\/span>Maariv<\/span><\/i>; la pri\u00e8re du soir. Pendant la journ\u00e9e, nous tenons <\/span>Sha'harit<\/span><\/i>; le service du matin, lecture de la Torah, puis Moussaf ; un deuxi\u00e8me service du matin ajout\u00e9 \u00e0 toutes les f\u00eates et <\/span>Chabbat<\/span><\/i>. Apr\u00e8s une pause, il y a <\/span>Minchah<\/span><\/i>; le service de l'apr\u00e8s-midi, puis <\/span>N\u00e9\u00efla; <\/span><\/i>le service sinc\u00e8re de conclusion de Yom Kippour.<\/span><\/p>

Certaines pri\u00e8res notables au cours des services incluent :<\/span><\/p>