Charity, or tzedakah, is central to Judaism and comes in many forms. It can range from small acts, such as putting coins into a Pushka box, to larger financial commitments, like supporting someone through their education. While all acts of charity are considered mitzvahs, there are varying levels of giving, as illustrated in the Eight Degrees of Giving by Jewish scholar and philosopher Maimonides. This concept is one of the most widely cited sections in his Mishneh Torah.
Exploring Tzedakah, Chesed, and Philanthropy as Sacred Pillars of Judaism
Charity, or tzedakah, is a central principle in Judaism, with deep roots in biblical teachings. However, it extends beyond simple giving, encompassing the idea of actively participating in the community, assisting others, and working toward a greater good. This is often framed within the concept of Tikkun Olam, which means “repairing the world.” Through acts of tzedakah, individuals contribute not just to the welfare of others but also to the collective effort of making the world a better place.
Equally as important is the concept of Chesed, which translates to “loving-kindness” or “mercy,” and is also a core value in Judaism. It differs from traditional tzedakah in the sense that it represents a deeper form of kindness and compassion that extends beyond monetary donations. Throughout Jewish history, key religious figures like Rabbi Meir Baal Haness have shown us the many great things one can do across these multiple levels of chesed and tzedakah.
Maimonides’ 8 Degrees of Giving
Maimonides’ Eight Levels of Giving, outlined in his Mishneh Torah, offer a framework for understanding the various ways one can fulfill the mitzvah, or commandment, of charity. The Mishneh Torah itself serves as a comprehensive guide to Jewish law, designed to make it more accessible, practical, and unified, simplifying the process of studying and observing it.
Each of Maimonides’ eight levels represents a different approach to giving, illustrating that charity is not only about the act itself but also about the manner in which it’s done and the lasting impact it has on both the giver and the recipient. These levels emphasize a progression from basic acts of charity to more altruistic, empowering forms of support. This philosophy aligns with the ideals of the Chabad movement, which focuses on selflessness, humility, and elevating the dignity of the recipient.
Level 1: Giving Begrudgingly
The lowest level is giving with reluctance or in a begrudging manner. This type of giving is often driven by obligation and frustration, rather than a true motivation to help others. While the act of giving still counts, the lack of a positive attitude diminishes the charitable value.
Level 2: Giving Less Than You Should, But Pleasantly
This is when the giver contributes a small amount, even though they have the means to give more. While the amount is not ideal, the spirit of the donation is still commendable, and recognizes the importance of the act.
Level 3: Giving After Being Asked
This involves giving only after the recipient has asked for help. While this shows generosity, it lacks initiative or willingness to help without prompting. This level is a reminder of the importance of being attentive to the needs of others.
Level 4: Giving Before You Are Asked
Anticipating the needs of others and offering help before it is sought is a higher form of charity. It reflects a proactive and compassionate approach to giving. Compassion is an essential human emotion that fosters connection and empathy between people. It enables us to look beyond our own needs and desires, allowing us to truly understand and relate to the experiences of others. By stepping into someone else’s shoes, we deepen our sense of shared humanity and strengthen the bonds we have with those around us.
Level 5: Giving Anonymously to an Unknown Recipient
Here, the giver donates anonymously, but the recipient is aware of who provided the help. While the recipient can express gratitude, the donor’s anonymity keeps the act humble.
Level 6: Giving Anonymously To a Known Recipient
Building on the previous level, this degree involves knowing the recipient but maintaining anonymity. It allows the recipient to receive help without feeling indebted and also emphasizes the purity of giving without expecting recognition.
Level 7: Giving Openly When Both Parties Are Unaware of Each Other’s Identity
In this level, both the giver and recipient are unaware of each other’s identity, emphasizing the purity of the act without any personal gain or recognition. The concept of anonymous giving, or matan b’seter (giving in secret), has deep roots in Jewish tradition, dating back to ancient times and referenced in the Talmud and other sacred texts. This practice is considered the highest form of charity because it preserves the dignity of both the giver and the recipient.
Level 8: Establishing a Self-Sustaining Business, Partnership, or Non-Profit Venture
This form of giving is highly empowering, as it helps individuals achieve independence and long-term stability, rather than just providing temporary relief. By setting up the means for someone to earn a living or sustain themselves, the giver contributes to the recipient’s ability to thrive on their own, fostering dignity and self-reliance.
How to Give with Colel Chabad
Colel Chabad is the oldest continuously operating Tzedakah network in Israel, and for decades, it has been at the forefront of charitable endeavors. Through various initiatives, including feeding the hungry, supporting widows and orphans, and providing medical services, Colel Chabad has been a key pillar in addressing the needs of Israel’s most vulnerable populations.
Explore the best ways to support Israel and engage in charitable programs that make a difference. Your generosity not only helps shape a brighter future for Israeli families, but also enriches your own life.
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